Properties and Applications of Titanium Alloy Forged Rings and Titanium Forgings

Titanium forgings exhibit high strength, low density, excellent mechanical properties, good toughness, and corrosion resistance. However, they also present challenges such as poor machinability, susceptibility to absorbing impurities like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon during hot processing, low wear resistance, and complex production processes. Industrial production of titanium began in 1948. With the development of the aviation industry, the titanium industry has been growing at an average annual rate of approximately 8%. Currently, the annual production of titanium forgings has exceeded 40,000 tons, with nearly 30 types of titanium forgings available. The most widely used titanium forgings are Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7), and industrial pure titanium (TA1, TA2, and TA3).

Titanium forgings are primarily used in manufacturing compressor components for aircraft engines, followed by structural parts for rockets, missiles, and high-speed aircraft. By the mid-1960s, titanium and its alloys began to be applied in general industries, such as electrodes for electrolysis, condensers in power stations, heaters for petroleum refining and seawater desalination, and environmental pollution control devices. Titanium and its alloys have become essential corrosion-resistant structural materials. Additionally, they are used in producing hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys.

Standards:

• Chinese Standard: GB/T 16598-1996

• American Standard: ASTM B381

Materials: TA0, TA1, TA2, TA3, TC4

Delivery Conditions:

• Annealed (M)

• Hot-worked (R)

• Cold-worked (Y) (Annealed, ultrasonic testing)

Packaging: Carton or wooden box packaging

Surface Treatment: Turned and polished, chamfered

Surface Quality:

• The surface roughness (Ra) of the two end faces shall not exceed 3.2 μm (subject to ultrasonic testing requirements).

• The surface roughness (Ra) of the inner and outer surfaces shall not exceed 12.5 μm (for cylindrical ultrasonic testing, Ra shall not exceed 3.2 μm, and the circumferential surface must meet this requirement).

• The chamfer radius shall be between 5–15 mm.

• The product surface shall be free from visible defects such as cracks, folds, or double skin.

• Local surface defects may be removed by grinding, provided the removal depth does not exceed dimensional tolerances and meets the minimum allowable dimensions.

• The depth-to-width ratio of grinding on the two end faces shall not exceed 1:6, and on the inner and outer surfaces, it shall not exceed 1:10.

• Grinding on the outer surface shall be performed along the axial direction.